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Medicare Part D is a prescription drug program subsidized by the federal government. This program was enacted as part of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 and went in to effect on January 1st, 2006.
There are two types of Medicare Part D plans administered through private insurance companies: Part C health plans (MAPD) that include drug coverage and stand-alone prescription drug plans (PDP) that offer drug coverage only.
Individuals on Medicare who are eligible for Part A and/or Part B may obtain drug coverage through a plan. Typically, individuals can enroll during their Open Enrollment Period or once a year during the Annual Enrollment Period (AEP), which is Oct. 15th – Dec. 7th.
Participation in Part D is voluntary, but most Medicare beneficiaries choose to enroll in a plan. If you choose not to enroll, a 1% late enrollment penalty will be added to your plan premium for each month you were not enrolled in a plan.
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Part D plans have four phases: deductible phase, initial coverage phase, coverage gap phase (donut hole) and the catastrophic phase.
Deductible Phase
This is the first phase of the drug plan. In 2026, the maximum allowable prescription deductible is $615. Depending on the plan, the deductible may be lower or there may be no deductible at all. You will pay the full cost of the drug until you satisfy the deductible, then you enter the initial coverage phase.
Initial Coverage Phase
During the initial coverage phase, you are responsible for 25% of the prescription drug costs up to the initial coverage amount of $2,100. Each plan has a formulary with five drug tiers. Drugs in a lower tier will generally cost less than drugs in a higher tier. Each tier will have different co-pays or coinsurance and you will pay these costs up to $2,100 out-of-pocket maximum.
Catastrophic Phase
The catastrophic phase is the final phase of the drug plan. In the catastrophic phase, your plan will pay 100% of your medication costs and you owe $0.
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